Cesare Beccaria

Criminologist Economist Italian 1738 – 1794

Founded criminal justice reform and utilitarian theory.

383 quotes

"A public trial is an oracle of justice."
Justice
"The certainty of being punished is the true brake upon crimes."
Wisdom
"Liberty requires that laws be clear, fixed, and published."
Freedom
"It is a great folly to sacrifice the certainty of the present evil for the uncertainty of future good."
Patience
"Humanity and justice demand that we consider the circumstances of the accused."
Kindness
"Laws are most effective when they are few, clear, and permanent."
Knowledge
"The greatest happiness consists in living in freedom and peace."
Peace
"Those who would give up essential liberty for temporary security deserve neither."
Freedom
"Justice is the echo of the general will."
Justice
"To punish the innocent is the height of tyranny."
Courage
"The severity of punishment must be proportional to the crime."
Wisdom
"Torture is a sure method of condemning the innocent and acquitting the guilty."
Justice
"A wise legislator does not wait for virtue to develop naturally in men; he creates conditions for it."
Leadership
"Fear based on religion is a poor foundation for morality."
Philosophy
"The happiness of mankind depends on the proper administration of justice."
Happiness
"Laws become unjust when they are applied unequally."
Justice
"Society must protect the rights of all, even the most despised."
Kindness
"The true test of a civilization is how it treats those accused of crime."
Philosophy
"When laws are arbitrary, free people become slaves."
Freedom
"Punishment should enlighten, not merely inflict pain."
Wisdom
"The foundation of all law is reason and the common good."
Knowledge
"A just state protects the weak from the strong."
Peace
"Mercy without justice is weakness; justice without mercy is cruelty."
Wisdom
"The best legislation is that which produces the greatest sum of happiness."
Happiness
"In a despotic state, men are slaves; in a free state, they are citizens."
Freedom
"Laws should be the expression of the general will of the people."
Leadership
"True courage is not resisting injustice, but demanding reform."
Courage
"The enlightened judge considers not only the letter but the spirit of law."
Wisdom
"Society exists to protect individual liberty, not to restrict it."
Freedom
"A crime against humanity is worse than a crime against property."
Justice