Elinor Ostrom

Economist Political Scientist American 1933 – 2012

Analyzed commons governance and challenged tragedy of commons narrative.

383 quotes

"Rules matter. The way our institutions are organized is crucial to how we behave and what outcomes we get."
Leadership
"People are far more motivated by intrinsic rewards than by external incentives."
Motivation
"The most important thing about an institution is that it creates a space where people can learn to trust one another."
"Diversity of approaches increases the likelihood that at least some will work well in changing circumstances."
Wisdom
"Common pool resources require common property rights and democratic governance."
Justice
"We cannot assume that individuals are purely selfish or purely altruistic. We are both."
Philosophy
"Design principles matter more than the size of the commons."
Work
"Successful governance is built on the capacity of individuals to learn from experience."
Education
"The tragedy of the commons is not inevitable; it depends on how we organize ourselves."
Change
"Trust is built through repeated interactions and transparent communication."
Relationships
"Local knowledge is often underestimated in policy design."
Knowledge
"Polycentric governance allows for experimentation and adaptation."
Leadership
"Institutions are the rules of the game that shape human interaction."
Philosophy
"We must learn to see ourselves as part of nature, not separate from it."
Nature
"Commitment to shared rules is the foundation of cooperation."
Perseverance
"Monitoring and sanctioning mechanisms are essential for sustaining cooperation."
Justice
"The capacity for self-governance has deep roots in human history."
History
"Context matters enormously in determining what institutional arrangements will work."
Wisdom
"Successful communities develop their own rules rather than having them imposed."
Freedom
"Incentives shape behavior in ways we often fail to predict."
Science
"We need to think beyond the nation-state in our understanding of governance."
Politics
"Knowledge is created through dialogue and mutual learning."
Education
"The commons can be managed sustainably if the right conditions exist."
Success
"Adapting to change requires flexibility and openness to new ideas."
Change
"People are capable of greater cooperation than mainstream economics assumes."
Hope
"Fairness and efficiency are not always in conflict in institutional design."
Justice
"The way we frame a problem shapes the solutions we can imagine."
Creativity
"Conflict resolution mechanisms are critical to sustaining cooperation over time."
Peace
"Multiple levels of governance can work together productively."
Leadership
"Innovation in institutional design is as important as technological innovation."
Technology