Kuhn, Thomas

"The very rules of science become crucial during periods of paradigm shift."

"To be a scientist in a mature field is to be locked into a particular view of the world."

"The training of a scientist emphasizes not critical thinking but conformity to the paradigm."

"Crisis is the precondition for revolution in science, just as it is in politics."

"The scientist who achieves a fundamental breakthrough must often be an outsider to the field."

"Seeing is an activity; what we see depends on what we are prepared to see."

"The history of science is the history of paradigm shifts, each believing itself to be the final truth."

"Scientific communities preserve and transmit the paradigm they have inherited, changing it only when forced to."

"The texture of scientific knowledge is not smooth but jagged with revolutions."

"To understand science, we must understand not just its content but its process of discovery."

"The scientist operates within a web of beliefs and assumptions he rarely questions consciously."

"What appears incommensurable from within one paradigm becomes commensurable from within another."

"The revolution in science comes when the old paradigm can no longer contain the anomalies that have accumulated."

"Scientific progress is not a straight line but a series of discontinuous leaps."

"The scientist must be willing to abandon his life's work if the paradigm shifts beneath him."

"Crisis in science is not a pathology but the normal state that leads to discovery."

"The paradigm shapes what can be seen, what problems are worth solving, and what counts as a solution."

"Normal science is not about finding the truth but about solving puzzles within the accepted framework."

"The scientist who recognizes an anomaly is already one step toward understanding why the paradigm is inadequate."

"Scientific revolutions are invisible to those still operating within the old paradigm."

"The younger generation of scientists is more likely to adopt a new paradigm because they have less invested in the old."

"To be a scientist is to accept the paradigm you were trained in and rarely to question it radically."

"The accumulation of anomalies eventually forces a reckoning with the paradigm itself."

"What we call scientific truth is really just the paradigm that currently commands scientific allegiance."

"The revolutions in science are driven not by logic alone but by the social and psychological needs of the scientific community."

"A paradigm is successful not because it is true but because it is useful and productive."

"The scientist who questions the paradigm too fundamentally risks expulsion from the scientific community."

"Scientific progress requires both periods of normal science and periods of revolutionary science."

"The texture of scientific knowledge includes both the objective and the subjective, the rational and the intuitive."

"To understand a scientific revolution is to understand how entire worlds of meaning can shift in an instant."