Thomas Kuhn

Philosopher Historian American 1922 – 1996

Introduced paradigm shifts; transformed understanding of scientific revolutions and progress.

376 quotes

"The transition between competing paradigms cannot be made a step at a time."
Change
"Discovery commences with the awareness of anomaly."
Knowledge
"Normal science does not aim at novelties of fact or theory and, when successful, finds none."
Science
"No natural history can be interpreted as anything but myth."
History
"The scientist who embraces a new paradigm is like the convert who has seen the light."
Inspiration
"Revolutions close with a total posture of conversion."
Change
"We may not be able to answer all questions, but we can answer some."
Wisdom
"The historian constantly revises his history."
History
"Crises are the roads to progress."
Success
"Normal science is puzzle-solving activity."
Work
"A new theory is adopted not because it is proven correct but because educated practitioners prefer it."
Philosophy
"Scientific revolutions are not cumulative but rather create new worlds."
Science
"The impossibility of scientific revolutions is rooted in human psychology."
Change
"Paradigm shifts occur when anomalies accumulate beyond tolerance."
"Science operates within a paradigm until that paradigm breaks down."
Science
"The scientist who cannot agree with his peers cannot be doing science."
Leadership
"What is called truth is determined by the paradigm one inhabits."
Truth
"We are all imprisoned in Plato's cave, watching shadows."
Philosophy
"Education is the inculcation of established paradigms."
Education
"Revolutionary science requires both creativity and courage."
Courage
"The world changes when our perception of it changes."
Change
"Progress in science is not linear but revolutionary."
Success
"A paradigm is what members of a scientific community share."
Knowledge
"Scientists are not objective observers but participants in their discoveries."
Science
"The structure of scientific revolutions reveals how knowledge truly advances."
Knowledge
"We cannot see beyond our paradigm any more than we can see our own eyes."
Philosophy
"Anomalies are the seeds from which new paradigms grow."
Creativity
"Normal science and revolutionary science are fundamentally different activities."
Science
"The conversion of scientific communities is like religious conversion."
Faith
"History shows us that scientific truths are often temporary."
History