Thomas Kuhn

Philosopher Historian American 1922 – 1996

Introduced paradigm shifts; transformed understanding of scientific revolutions and progress.

376 quotes

"What we cannot see with the instruments at hand, we cannot discover."
Technology
"The scientist's commitment to truth is mediated by commitment to a paradigm."
Philosophy
"Incommensurability means not incompatibility, but untranslatability."
Relationships
"The process of normal science is cumulative only within a paradigm."
Work
"Science is a social activity, not a solitary pursuit of absolute truth."
Leadership
"Anomalies become crises only when they are recognized and felt as problems."
Wisdom
"The puzzle-solver in science is guided by the promise of solutions."
Hope
"What we discover depends on what we look for and how we look."
Knowledge
"Paradigm shifts are not progressive in any absolute sense."
Philosophy
"The history of science shows that our deepest convictions are often contingent."
"Science is not a progression toward absolute truth, but a progression of puzzles solved."
Perseverance
"The scientist's world is not the world of common sense."
Wisdom
"Revolutions in science are revolutions in how we see the world."
Inspiration
"The incommensurability of paradigms does not mean they are equally good."
Truth
"What seems irrational in the context of one paradigm may be essential in another."
Philosophy
"The scientist who works within a paradigm is not seeking truth in any absolute sense."
Work
"Commitment to a paradigm is a leap of faith as much as a logical conclusion."
Faith
"The history of science is the history of changing worlds, not of approaches to one fixed world."
History
"Science progresses by replacing one framework with another, not by accumulating facts."
Change
"What counts as important depends on the paradigm within which you work."
Wisdom
"The scientist's instruments are extensions of his theoretical commitments."
Technology
"Paradigm choice is not determined by the rules of logic alone."
Philosophy
"The community of scientists is bound by shared exemplars, not shared rules."
Relationships
"What we see is filtered through the lens of what we expect to see."
"Crisis in science occurs when normal science can no longer solve its puzzles."
Courage
"The scientist who perceives an anomaly must first recognize it as an anomaly."
Knowledge
"Science is a succession of paradigms, each providing solutions to problems the previous could not solve."
"What seems obvious to us is obvious only because of our trained incapacity to see otherwise."
Education
"Revolutions in science are not dictated by logic, but adopted by communities."
Leadership
"The paradigm shift is not a moment of sudden conversion, but a gradual process of reorientation."
Change