Kuhn, Thomas

"Shifting paradigms involves shifting the very criteria for solving puzzles."

"Scientific communities operate on shared assumptions that are rarely questioned."

"The history of science is not a smooth narrative of progress but a narrative of successive paradigms."

"Anomalies force the scientist to examine basic commitments."

"The adoption of a new paradigm often requires abandoning cherished beliefs."

"Scientists are socialized into particular ways of seeing the world."

"Progress in science is measured differently in different paradigms."

"The scientist who works in normal science may never experience paradigm shift."

"Revolutionary science involves the transformation of the scientist's relationship to nature."

"What constitutes a fact is partly determined by the theoretical framework."

"Scientific knowledge accumulates, but not all past knowledge survives paradigm shifts."

"The community of scientists creates and enforces the standards of science."

"Paradigm shifts are moments when the contingency of science becomes apparent."

"The training of scientists prepares them for normal science, not revolutionary science."

"Crises in science present opportunities for genuine innovation."

"The relationship between observation and theory is not one of pure logic."

"Scientists inherit not just knowledge but dispositions and ways of seeing."

"The very concept of anomaly depends on the paradigm within which one works."

"Revolutionary periods in science expose the human foundations of scientific knowledge."

"What appears as a failure within one paradigm may be success in another."

"Scientific communities are bound by invisible colleges and networks."

"The choice of a new paradigm involves a leap that cannot be justified in purely logical terms."

"Normal science accumulates puzzles and their solutions within a stable framework."

"Scientific progress is not inevitable but contingent on historical circumstances."

"The scientist operates within constraints that define legitimate problems and solutions."

"Paradigm shifts involve changes not just in theory but in the entire conceptual framework."

"What the scientist sees depends on both what he looks at and what his previous conceptual training has taught him to see."

"The accumulation of anomalies creates pressure for revolutionary change."

"Scientific communities develop their own languages and ways of communicating."

"The history of science reveals patterns of stability and sudden change."