Max Horkheimer

Philosopher, Critical Theorist German 1895 – 1973

Co-founder of Frankfurt School and critical theory movement.

373 quotes

"The individual has become expendable."
"Thought must negate what is in order to imagine what could be."
Imagination
"Justice is not a given; it is something we must create."
Justice
"The culture industry manufactures consent."
Politics
"Reason is the tool by which we liberate ourselves."
Knowledge
"Art and life are separated under advanced capitalism."
Art
"The working class has been integrated into the system."
Politics
"True enlightenment is the death of illusion."
Wisdom
"Nature is only what can be dominated."
Nature
"The culture industry prevents thinking."
Education
"Happiness depends on the transformation of society."
Happiness
"Those who control discourse control society."
Power
"Art is the last refuge of human dignity."
Art
"The administered society produces administered minds."
"Critique must be unrelenting."
Philosophy
"Love requires the freedom to choose."
Love
"The exchange principle pervades all relationships."
Relationships
"Art that is merely pleasing is not art."
Art
"Society is held together by the repression of desire."
"Reason is both the problem and the solution."
Philosophy
"The culture industry produces predictable responses."
Politics
"True courage is the courage to think differently."
Courage
"Autonomy is the goal of enlightenment."
Freedom
"Art must preserve what society destroys."
Art
"The individual is the site of social contradiction."
Philosophy
"Domination begins with the domination of nature."
Nature
"The masses are the product of their own domination."
"Happiness is a utopian dream."
Happiness
"Thinking is the refusal to accept what is."
Philosophy
"Art is the promise of happiness."
Art